Что значит Affable, profane, and a workaholic, Pottinger also was a decorated former Maline Intelligence officer, a job that culminated in coauthoring an influential report about the inadequacies of U.S. intelligence agencies. ?

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This long sentence is describing Pottinger and his job, Marine Intelligence Officer. I think you meant to type Marine which is part of the US Army.

Pottinger is given four adjectives: affable, profane, workaholic, and a decorated officer.
• profane - not religious in any way. this means that he doesn’t follow what people would consider sacred rules like no cursing, no drugs or alcohol. without context, i don’t know how profane he is, but that is the meaning for that.
• decorated (officer) - this means that he was decorated with badges. it’s a very common expression when you want to mention someone’s hard work with the pins and badges all over their uniform.

the second part of the sentence describes the biggest, most important part of his job.
• culminating - to be at the highest or most important point, also known as climax. this means that the biggest part about his job is coauthoring a report about the inadequacies of U.S. intelligence agencies.

let me know if you have more questions’